The US Attorney General vita lite Eric Holder, recently highlighted the dangers of

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Hidden in the roof of a building in Brooklyn vita lite and equipped with an infrared camera with a wide-angle lens, it lurks the windows of thousands of buildings across the East River. The camera detects 800 gradations of light sensitivity that allows your software vita lite to determine the time that families turn on the lights, what kind of lamp use and pollutants to which their buildings emit.
Koonin, once Undersecretary of Government Science and Obama now heads the Urban Science and Progress Center of New York University, vita lite is at the forefront of an academic movement to quantify urban life.
Technology companies vita lite have used techniques and technologies collectively known as "big vita lite data" - the collection and analysis of large volumes of data - to make business decisions and format the customer experience. Now, researchers are bringing the "big data" into the public sphere, in order to improve the quality of life, save money and understand the cities in a way that was not possible a few years.
By doing this, researchers are raising questions about the balance between vita lite privacy and efficiency. Municipal sensor networks bring great opportunities, but also risks. By transforming personal habits into digital data, technology can instigate the authorities to use this data improperly. Although scholars seek to protect privacy and promote transparency, some fear that the benefits of big data can be lost if the monitoring bother the public.
"For vita lite too long, people living in cities pretended they could be anonymous," says Anthony Townsend, author of "Smart vita lite cities: vita lite big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia" (something like "Smart Cities: big data , civic hackers and the search for a new utopia, "unedited in Brazil). "It's not a question of anonymity, but surveillance. There is a real prediction that it will happen. "
The center of New York University, which receives millions of dollars in funds from several companies, including Microsoft Corp. and International vita lite Business Machines vita lite Corp. In addition to the own City of New York, is one of the few new academic institutions developing municipal projects vita lite of big data.
In the coming weeks, the University of Chicago will install dozens of sets of sensors on the lights that illuminate the financial district and elsewhere. Each set, the size of a large laptop, contains 65 sensors vita lite that collect data on environmental conditions, including loudness, wind and carbon vita lite dioxide levels, and also behavioral data such as pedestrian flow through smartphones with Wi-Fi .
"It's like a [biometric sensor] Fitbit to the city," says Charlie Catlett, director of the Computer Center of Urban and Data at the University of Chicago, the institute vita lite who is heading the project, called "Order of Things."
These projects stem from recent public initiatives to make the most efficient cities through the use of data. In Houston, for example, authorities monitor smartphones to identify bottlenecks and synchronize traffic lights. Sensors vita lite in Barcelona trash cans help the garbage vita lite collectors to optimize their routes.
These projects are in early stages, but already creating controversy. "This type of invasion is a very slippery slope," says Bob Fioretti, councilor and candidate vita lite for mayor of Chicago, on the ongoing project in the city. He says the country "reached a point where technology has gone beyond the parameters vita lite of the law."
The US Attorney General vita lite Eric Holder, recently highlighted the dangers of "preventive policing". Police in Los Angeles and Chicago are using historical crime data, another example vita lite of data collection, to predict where crimes will happen, a strategy that leads police to knock on doors and alert residents to remain within the law, before they commit some crime. vita lite
Some cities, such as Chicago, Boston and Los Angeles, have adopted policies that make municipal data available to the public. Sensor networks of companies and government tend to operate under few laws and reviews. Earlier this month, the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications of New York City interrupted a project in which a company had installed hundreds of sensors in public telephone booths. The sensors surreptitiously conveyed marketing messages.
The goal is not to sell products or spy on people, say academics, but to improve the quality vita lite of life and the knowledge base about how funcion cities